Political developments in Libya after 2011 and their repercussions on the internal situation

Abstract

Since 2011, Libya has witnessed profound political transformations following the collapse of Muammar Gaddafi’s regime. However, instead of leading to the establishment of a stable state, the transition opened the door to a period of turbulence and fragmentation. The absence of strong national institutions and the rise of competing political and military centers, in addition to regional and international interventions, Libya has become a complex arena of conflict where domestic and foreign interests intersect. This has negatively impacted domestic conditions, with signs of political division between East and West emerging. Economic conditions have deteriorated due to reliance on oil as a near-sole resource and the absence of sustainable development strategies. Social and humanitarian crises have also been exacerbated by displacement, the collapse of public services, and declining security.

The research demonstrates that the Libyan crisis is not merely the product of purely internal factors, but rather the outcome of complex interactions between local institutional failure and regional and international tensions that have deepened divisions and prolonged the conflict. By adopting a descriptive and analytical approach, the research seeks to present a comprehensive vision that demonstrates that achieving stability in Libya requires a radical approach that rebuilds state institutions on inclusive national foundations, achieves comprehensive internal reconciliation, and puts an end to external interference. In this way, the research contributes to understanding the dynamics of political transformation in Libya after 2011 and its implications for the future of the state and society.