Misan Journal of Political and International Studies
Misan Journal of Political and International Studies is a semi-annual peer-reviewed general political scientific journal concerned with publishing international research and studies in various fields of knowledge for the political sciences specialty. It is issued by the College of Political Sciences at the University of Maysan, affiliated with the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the Republic of Iraq. The magazine provides its services In its electronic and paper versions, for researchers inside and outside Iraq, it publishes the research of graduate students and scientific conferences recognized by the Ministry. The magazine includes in its editorial board scientific figures with a fragrant history, from inside and outside Iraq, with the aim of enriching the scientific research submitted for publication, with scientific sobriety from In terms of methodology and content, which contributes to disseminating knowledge in this specialty, and achieving the required quality of scientific research, in a way that contributes to implementing the Ministry’s vision of developing and developing scientific research, enhancing the capabilities of researchers in acquiring intellectual skills in scientific research, and building bridges of scientific communication with faculties of political science. Debate, inside and outside Iraq, and the magazine also seeks to enter global understandings. The magazine is funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research through the Universities Fund, as well as fees for publishing research on its pages.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Strategic Deterrence In The Post-Truth Era: An Analytical Study Of Hybrid Wars
This study aims to analyze the nature of strategic deterrence in the post-truth era by examining the dynamics of hybrid warfare, which has shifted the battlefield from direct military force to the cyber and cognitive domains. The research highlights how cyber and cognitive tools contribute to shaping a new deterrence environment that depends on influencing collective perception and decision-making rather than relying solely on physical force. Through applied case studies—including the India–Pakistan, Iran–Israel, and North–South Korea crises—the study demonstrates that integrating cognitive and cyber capabilities enhances deterrence effectiveness and limits adversaries’ strategic options. The findings conclude that control over the cyber and information domains has become essential for regulating international behavior, emphasizing the necessity of developing normative and ethical frameworks to prevent the international system from drifting into instability that threatens strategic security.
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The geostrategic importance of the Grand AL¬¬-Faw port in Regional and International Balances
Maritime outlets represent essential channels of communication between nations and the outside world, as the geopolitical and economic standing of states is closely linked to their ability to possess and utilize such outlets in strengthening their regional and international presence. Amid the accelerating global transformations and the growing interdependence of strategic, political, and economic interests, the Grand Al-Faw Port emerges as a strategic project whose impact extends beyond Iraq’s borders, positioning it as a pivotal hub within the global trade network and the world energy map. The port is not merely a maritime outlet; it constitutes a geopolitical instrument capable of connecting supply chains and trade routes between East and West, thereby reducing logistical costs, accelerating trade exchanges, and enhancing maritime security. This research seeks to explore the geostrategic significance of the Grand Al-Faw Port within the framework of regional and international balances, by tracing its historical background and analyzing the underlying motivations behind its establishment. It also examines the economic, political, and security dimensions of the project—particularly its linkage to major initiatives such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Iraq’s Development Road Project—which together grant it a central position in the equation of global competition. Furthermore, the study discusses the internal challenges, including limited financing and delays in contractors’ commitments, alongside external challenges posed by parallel projects such as Kuwait’s Mubarak Port, the enduring strategic role of the Suez Canal, regional railway connection projects, and the implications of U.S.–China rivalry in the Arabian Gulf region. The study concludes that the Grand Al-Faw Port cannot be confined to its economic function alone; rather, it represents a geostrategic lever for reshaping regional power dynamics and reinforcing Iraq’s role as a pivotal linkage in the global trade system. This, in turn, places Iraq before strategic opportunities and challenges that will shape the contours of its regional and international role in the coming decades.
The artificial intelligence arms race: security, economic, and legal dimensions
While we recognize that life on earth has changed and evolved over billions of years, we are now witnessing a new form of evolution — the evolution of machines and intelligent systems. The trajectory of artificial intelligence development is not fundamentally different from biological evolution; rather, it can be understood as a journey through time that begins with charles darwin’s ideas and extends to the current revolution in robotics and artificial intelligence. This evolution has driven nations to compete in advancing ai technologies, not only in the military sphere but also in the economic and geopolitical domains. The rapid integration of ai into defense, intelligence, and economic sectors has intensified regional and international tensions, prompting most countries to allocate significant portions of their budgets to ai-based defense systems. Technological dominance, which for a long time was a decisive factor in global power struggles, is now embodied in artificial intelligence. However, the pace of technological advancement is so overwhelming that nations struggle to comprehend or regulate it. As a result, we are witnessing the emergence of a hidden digital war characterized by data theft, manipulation, and suppression. The chaotic nature of cyberspace fuels digital nationalism, while cyber weapons — now part of the military arsenals of countries such as china, israel, iran, south korea, the united states, and russia — have made political decision-making increasingly unpredictable. The absence of common international standards poses undefined risks, leading to a new level of global disorder with emerging boundaries that threaten the free flow of information across the world
The risks and benefits of forming regions in Iraq after 2005
The permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005 is one of the Iraqi constitutions that most explicitly stipulates, with detailed constitutional texts, the regions, their formation, and their relations with the federal government. This constitution (which is the first permanent constitution of the Iraqi state) even declared the Kurdistan region a federal region. These texts formed two currents, or trends: one of them is afraid of the idea of ​​forming regions, and called for rejecting this idea, or at least postponing it to a later time to establish democracy first on a broader scale. This current classifies the idea of ​​forming regions within the category of risks facing the Iraqi state. The second: is optimistic about the idea of ​​forming regions, and considers it an attractive source of benefits for the Iraqi reality due to the advantages it carries in political, administrative, legal, and economic organization. Between these two currents or orientations, the Iraqi state has moved from one stage to another, during which calls for the establishment of regions emerged, similar to the Kurdistan Region. These calls vary between the demands of Sunni powers to establish a Sunni region that includes: Nineveh, Anbar, Salah al-Din, Diyala, in addition to the areas of the Baghdad Belt, and between the Basra Region or the Southern Region. These calls are renewed each time the Iraqi state faces economic, security, or political crises, seeking solutions or benefits that might be provided by the idea of establishing regions. However, the looming fears and risks persist, as these crises could escalate to greater crises than the formation of regions, namely the division of the Iraqi state, which is what those opposing the establishment of regions fear. From this, we will explore this research by explaining the benefits of establishing regions if the Iraqi state takes this path and outlining the potential risks resulting from it.
Political developments in Libya after 2011 and their repercussions on the internal situation
Since 2011, Libya has witnessed profound political transformations following the collapse of Muammar Gaddafi’s regime. However, instead of leading to the establishment of a stable state, the transition opened the door to a period of turbulence and fragmentation. The absence of strong national institutions and the rise of competing political and military centers, in addition to regional and international interventions, Libya has become a complex arena of conflict where domestic and foreign interests intersect. This has negatively impacted domestic conditions, with signs of political division between East and West emerging. Economic conditions have deteriorated due to reliance on oil as a near-sole resource and the absence of sustainable development strategies. Social and humanitarian crises have also been exacerbated by displacement, the collapse of public services, and declining security. The research demonstrates that the Libyan crisis is not merely the product of purely internal factors, but rather the outcome of complex interactions between local institutional failure and regional and international tensions that have deepened divisions and prolonged the conflict. By adopting a descriptive and analytical approach, the research seeks to present a comprehensive vision that demonstrates that achieving stability in Libya requires a radical approach that rebuilds state institutions on inclusive national foundations, achieves comprehensive internal reconciliation, and puts an end to external interference. In this way, the research contributes to understanding the dynamics of political transformation in Libya after 2011 and its implications for the future of the state and society.
Contemporary Japanese Policy towards Africa: Sudan as a Model
Japanese policy toward the African continent constitutes a comprehensive model that combines economic interests, geopolitical dimensions, and humanitarian commitments. The absence of a colonial legacy in Japan's policy toward African countries, including Sudan, has prompted Japan to formulate multifaceted and multidimensional strategic partnerships, relying on unconventional diplomatic tools and developing an approach based on promoting mutual principles and interests. It also adopts sustainable development as an important approach to strengthening Japan's presence on the continent. The abovementioned is necessarily applied to Sudan as a model for study, given its position in Japanese political development, given its strategic location and economic and natural resources.
The role of digital transformation in enhancing the effectiveness of government performance: a study in the case of Iraq after 2021
Among the most important methods and tools that countries employ to promote good governance and the digital transformation, the latter plays an effective and influential role in improving the efficiency of government performance. This research aims to understand the impact of digital transformation on enhancing government performance in Iraq post-2021 The research discusses the most significant changes that have affected the digital infrastructure from the perspective of digital technology, the extent of improvement in electronic services, and the implementation of government data management systems in Iraq after 2021. It also focuses on the role of digital technology in enhancing government performance, which includes studying systems for managing human resources, electronic monitoring, and artificial intelligence to limit manipulation of administrative and financial resources
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Government public policies in combating desertification in Iraq after 2015
Desertification is one of the most prominent environmental challenges facing Iraq in light of climate change, represented by rising temperatures, declining rainfall, and declining water levels in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This negatively impacts agricultural lands through increased salinity, the formation of sand dunes, and dust storms, leading to a decline in agricultural production and food security for Iraqi citizens. The situation is exacerbated by human intervention in nature to meet multiple needs that exceed those found in nature, disrupting the ecological balance. This is manifested in the cutting down of trees, burning of forests, and the conversion of agricultural lands into residential areas, which contributes significantly to the reduction of green space. To confront the threat of desertification, which has become a threat to the lives of various living organisms in two-thirds of Iraq's area, this matter prompted the Iraqi government to adopt several policies and strategies, including joining the "Paris Climate Agreement" in 2015. After this date, the efforts of the Ministries of Water Resources and Agriculture came to develop a policy to combat desertification for the years (2019-2021). The Iraqi government then developed the "National Strategy for Environmental Protection and Improvement" for the years (2024-2030), which included comprehensive policies to combat desertification. In the context of confronting the frequent occurrence of dust storms, the Iraqi government launched the "Afforestation Initiative" in 2023 to protect against the threat of desertification. Despite the Iraqi government's interest in climate policies to combat desertification for the present and future, it faces several challenges, including a shortage of advanced equipment and personnel necessary to implement desertification control projects, in addition to the lack of data and real rates to measure the phenomenon of desertification, weak financial support for scientific research projects to combat desertification, and the lack of awareness among Iraqi citizens of the importance of preserving the environment and climate from desertification, as this matter is a fundamental value. For the healthy life sought by countries, societies and international organizations in light of the worsening water crisis and desertification, these challenges make desertification the most important environmental threat facing the implementation of Iraq's vision within the framework of environmental policies to preserve a healthy climate in preparation for achieving sustainable development by 2030.
The Iraqi Public's Reliance On Audio And Video Podcasts As A Source Of Information Compared To Traditional Media
This research emerges within the growing interest in modern media, particularly audio and video podcasts, which have increasingly gained wide popularity in society. This expansion comes amid rapid technological developments that have created new spaces as alternatives to traditional media, offering more interactive and flexible modes of content production and consumption. The research aimed to investigate the extent to which the Iraqi audience relies on audio and video podcasts as a source of information, and to compare this with traditional media (such as radio and television). By employing theoretical, methodological, and field approaches, the research sought to identify patterns of podcast engagement, examine its positive and negative dimensions, and explore the motivations behind its rising popularity within Iraqi society. The findings revealed that political and social content ranked highest among participants’ interests, followed by cultural, educational, and entertainment content at a moderate level, while economic, health, and sports topics occupied lower ranks. Results also indicated a stronger preference for audio podcasts over video podcasts, reflecting the primacy of listening and the ease of access to this medium. The research concluded that podcasts represent an influential and complementary media platform to traditional outlets, meeting both informational and entertainment needs while providing broader opportunities for interaction and participation. It recommended diversifying content, improving video production quality, and fostering greater integration between podcasts and traditional media to enhance their effectiveness within the Iraqi media landscape.
Climate Diplomacy in the International System: A Study of Tools, Challenges, and Geopolitical Impacts
This research seeks to address a fundamental question: What is the relationship between climate diplomacy and the international system, and what tools can climate diplomacy employ to influence this system? Additionally, what is the extent of these impacts, and what challenges might climate diplomacy face in the resulting geopolitical landscape? These questions will be examined through two comprehensive axes: the first explores the mechanisms and tools of climate diplomacy, while the second addresses the geopolitical challenges and their corresponding impacts on the international order.
Assistant Professor Dr: Abbas Fadel Atwan
The Repercussions of the Corona crisis on Israel
Israel was among the first Asian countries to consider a coronavirus infection after it emerged in China, and quickly took the lead in responding to global demand at specific stages of the pandemic. This crisis has had profound political, economic, security, and social repercussions, prompting some observers to liken it to the October 1973 War, the pandemic caught it by surprise, just as the war did, in the absence of adequate preparedness and readiness for the magnitude of the threat. Since the onset of the crisis, Israel has faced cumulative challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted by continued political instability, along with mounting economic pressures and internal social disparities. These factors combined have complicated efforts to respond to the crisis and mitigate its repercussions. Although Israel possesses advanced systems in some health and technical fields, this pandemic has exposed weak areas within the internal structure that are vulnerable to penetration, crisis, and influence, including the ability of institutions to manage crises, disasters, and other situations.
repercussions of the coronavirus pandemic
Iraqi National Security in the Context of Regional Competition: An Analytical Study of Strategic Options
This study examines the issue of Iraqi national security amid the escalating and complex regional competition in the Middle East. The interwoven regional environment presents multifaceted challenges, characterized by the overlapping political, military, and economic influence of major regional powers such as Iran, Turkey, and the Arab states. The research focuses on analyzing the strategic alternatives available to Iraq in addressing its internal challenges, including political crises, sectarian divisions, institutional weakness, and external interventions that directly affect its sovereignty and stability. Furthermore, the study explores how Iraq’s national policies can be adapted within this dynamic context, providing theoretical frameworks that explain the nature of regional competition and its implications for national security. It also assesses the current state of Iraqi national security through an examination of multi-dimensional threats and their rapidly evolving variables. In conclusion, the study proposes a set of realistic and flexible strategic recommendations, including the adoption of a policy of positive neutrality, the establishment of balanced regional alliances, and the restructuring of the security and diplomatic systems to strengthen Iraq’s resilience and enhance its national capacity.
Anti-Semitism in Contemporary Western Political Thought (The Frankfurt School) as a Model
In the nineteenth century, Zionism presented itself as a national project and a proposed solution to what it termed “anti-Semitism” or “hatred of Jews” in authoritarian Western societies. This phenomenon intensified with the rise of the nation-state and the emergence of Nazism, which represented an extreme manifestation of instrumental rationality. Zionism perceived that its problem could not be resolved through assimilation within these societies, but rather through the establishment of a national homeland achieved by colonizing and occupying the Arab-Palestinian land. Consequently, Zionism re-appropriated the discourse of anti-Semitism to reinforce its immunity, suppress any criticism directed against it, and justify its criminal acts toward the Palestinian Arab people through repression, displacement, and mass immigration and settlement. This discourse eventually evolved into a political ideology within modern Western political thought in general, and within Zionist thought in particular, marking the beginning of the Arab-Zionist conflict—one of the major issues of contemporary political thought. Opinions have been divided between those supporting Zionism and its anti-Semitism narrative, and those defending the Palestinian cause. The Frankfurt School—subject of this study—offered a distinctive critical intellectual position regarding the Palestinian issue and the phenomenon of anti-Semitism. Its analyses went beyond traditional historical approaches, presenting a contemporary critical vision encompassing political, social, cultural, and economic dimensions. It regarded anti-Semitism as a product of the authoritarian and instrumental mind. However, the School’s ideas and positions ultimately aligned with the Zionist entity and its ideological-political justificatory discourse that instrumentalized anti-Semitism
10.65441 Climate changes and their repercussions on the displacement crisis in Iraq after 2003
The severe climate changes that the country is witnessing have had a wide impact on the increase in poverty rates, especially among rural residents, due to the scarcity of water for irrigation, lack of rain, and high temperatures, which affected agriculture in general, which contributed to the exacerbation of migration and internal displacement. The country is facing many economic, social, and political challenges due to this crisis. On the economic level, there will be pressure on services and infrastructure, and the country will lose agricultural resources and the effects associated with them. On the social level, the displaced themselves are experiencing a scarcity of resources and services, unemployment or cheap labor, lack of education, health problems, and others, not to mention the psychological effects. On the political level, displacement certainly leads to an exacerbation of political stability problems related to local governance, political representation, and others. Therefore, this research aims to clarify the implications of climate change and its great impact on the displacement crisis in Iraq and its great risks to the Iraqi economy and how to respond and adapt to confront it.
10.65441 The Relationship Between the Legislative and Executive Establishments in Denmark
The Danish Constitution of 1953, in force, stipulates in its first articles that the form of government in the country is a constitutional monarchy, and royal powers are inherited by men and women in accordance with the provisions of the law. The Danish political system is based on the principle of balance and flexible separation between the three institutions (executive, legislative, and judicial). The Danish Constitution defines the tasks and functions of these institutions, such that each institution performs its duties without interfering with the tasks of the other institutions. The relationship between them is participatory, based on balance and integration. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority party or coalition, the head of government, and the head of the Council of Ministers. He is responsible to the unicameral parliament. Therefore, the legislative institution plays an important role in imparting a democratic character to the Danish political system and legitimizing the decisions taken by this system. The executive institution occupies a prestigious position, given that the King assumes the throne by inheritance, and his presidency is not specified, so he monopolizes it until his death.
واقع مراكز الفكر والبحث العربية وعلاقتها بصنع القرار
وقد تضمنت الدراسة التي ذكرها الباحث فضلاً عن المقدمة والخاتمة محورين رئيسيين، فجاءت المقدمة ليؤكد فيها الباحث ان هناك تفاعل ضمن بيئة إقليمية وعالمية سِمتها التغيير والتعقيد والتشابك ، اذ ان مراكز البحوث وما تلاها من تحولات في بنية النظام الدولي وظهور القوى الصاعدة في العلاقات الدولية ، التي زادت من حدة التناقض والتنافس بين هذه القوى الصاعدة ونضيرتها الغربية المتمثلة بالولايات المتحدة الامريكية ، إلى الحد الذي شاع فيه تصور يؤسس لانقسام عالمي ما بين غرب آخذ بالتراجع والضعف ، وشرق يتجه نحو الصعود .
التطورات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اليابان(1945_1972)
في أعقاب الحرب العالمية الثانية، شهدت اليابان تحولات جذرية شملت مختلف الجوانب السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية بين عامي 1945 و1972. فعلى الصعيد السياسي، تم إقرار دستور جديد عام 1947 وضع حداً للنظام الإمبراطوري المطلق، ورسّخ مبادئ الديمقراطية وحقوق الإنسان. كما أُعيد تشكيل النظام السياسي بما يضمن الفصل بين السلطات وتعددية حزبية. أما من الناحية الاقتصادية، فقد بدأت اليابان مرحلة إعادة الإعمار بدعم من الولايات المتحدة، ما أدى إلى "المعجزة الاقتصادية اليابانية"، حيث ارتفع الناتج المحلي الإجمالي ونمت الصناعات الثقيلة والتكنولوجيا. اجتماعياً، رافقت هذه التغيرات تحولات عميقة في بنية المجتمع، أبرزها ارتفاع مستويات التعليم، وتمكين المرأة، وتطور نمط الحياة الحضرية. كما ساهم الاستقرار السياسي والنمو الاقتصادي في تحسين مستوى المعيشة وتوسيع الطبقة المتوسطة. يعكس هذا التحول الشامل كيف استطاعت اليابان أن تنهض من الهزيمة إلى مصاف الدول المتقدمة خلال فترة قصيرة نسبياً.
المعجزة الاقتصادية في اليابان، الاحتلال الأمريكي لليابان، دستور 1947، التغيرات الاجتماعية في اليابان.
تأثير انتشار المخدرات على الامن القومي العراقي قراءة في التحديات وصناعة القرار
يعد انتشار المخدرات في العراق من ابرز التهديدات للأمن القومي ، ولم يعد الامر محصور في الجوانب الاجتماعية والصحية بل يمتد في تهديد الاستقرار السياسي والامني والاقتصادي ، والعراق من خلال موقعه الجغرافي المفتوح وتحدياته الامنيــــة ، اصبح بيئة هشة امام تجارة وتهريب المخدرات غير المشروعة والتي تنتهز فرصة الفراغ الامني في بعض المناطق و ضعف الرقابة والتدهور الاقتصادي ، فتجارة المخدرات تعد شكل من اشكال الجريمة المنظمة العابرة للحدود وتحدي كبير امام اجهزة الامن القومي ، فضلاً عن انها تدمر النسيج الاجتماعي وتفكك الاسر وزيادة الامراض والعنف وتعيق التنمية البشرية ، والتعامل مع هذه الظاهرة يجب وضع استراتيجية عامة تتكامل فيها الجهود القانونية والامنية والصحية ، وان غياب الرؤية والجهود الموحدة وتشتت السياسات يعيق من مواجهة هذه المشكلة ، لذا فأن تعزيز التعاون الدولي والاقليمي ضرورة من اجل الحد من تجارة المخدرات فضلاً عن تفعيل الدبلوماسيــــــة الامنية
دور الأمم المتحدة في تعزيز (الأمن التعاوني)
يتناول البحث بالدراسة والنقاش موضوع (الأمن التعاوني) من الجانبين النظري والمفاهيمي، فضلاً عن السياق التأريخي لتطور الأشياء، بوصفه المرحلة الأحدث والمعاصرة من مراحل التنظيم الدولي الذي مرّ تأريخياً بمرحلتين سابقتين هما نظام توازن القوى ثمّ نظام الأمن الجماعي، وصولاً إلى نظام الأمن التعاوني. مع التفصيل في دور الأمم المتحدة، بالنظر لمكانتها كمنظمة دولية جامعة، وسعيها لتعبئة وتنسيق الجهود الدولية كافة في إطار نظام دولي للأمن التعاوني في مواجهة تحديات مختلفة، تقليدية وغير تقليدية، باتت تهدد سلامة وأمن الأفراد والدول على السواء. مستهدفةً في الغايات النهائية، تحقيق وإنجاز أهداف مشتركة ومُستدامة وذات طابع عالمي.
الأمم المتحدة، الأمن الجماعي، الأمن التعاوني، الأمن المُستدام، التنمية المُستدامة
الاستبصار الإستراتيجي والامن القومي "سد الفجوات "
لم يعد الاستبصار الإستراتيجي ترفاً تأخذ به تلك الدول او تهجرهُ، تستوي في ذلك الدول المتقدمة والدول النامية، فالقرن الحادي والعشرون يحمل من عواصف التغيير، ما يحّمل البشرية على الاستعداد لهُ، والاخذ بأسباب مواجهتهُ، بجهد جماعي علمي يستشرف هذهِ التغّيرات. فالفكرة هنا تقضي بإدخال روحية العزم والتصميم في فن إدارة شؤون البلاد وان تغرس في اذهان صناع القرار طرائق في التفكير الخاص بالسياسة واحساساً بالاتجاه يعُينهم خلال تقلبات لابد ان تحصل في العلاقات الخارجية. وتقاس فيه ومن خلالهُ معالم القوة والقدرة كذلك.
الاستبصار الإستراتيجي، النظام الدولي، اللاخطية ، المستقبل ، البراغماتية ، التبصّر
التعليم الجيد وأثره في تحقيق اهداف التنمية المستدامة –العراق إنموذجاً
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل دور التعليم في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في العراق، مع التركيز بشكل خاص على الهدف الرابع من أهداف التنمية المستدامة، المتعلق بالجودة في التعليم. بعد مرور أكثر من عقدين من الصراعات والصعوبات السياسية والاجتماعية، يواجه العراق تحديات كبيرة في تحسين نظامه التعليمي، مما يعيق تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة. يتناول البحث تأثير عدم الاستقرار السياسي والأمني على التعليم، ويستعرض كيف أن الأزمات والصراعات المستمرة قد أدت إلى تدهور البنية التحتية التعليمية، وفقدان المعلمين، وندرة الموارد التعليمية في العديد من المناطق، خاصة في المناطق الريفية والنائية، أن تحقيق التعليم الجيد في العراق لا يمثل فقط جزءًا من تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، بل هو الأساس الذي سيبني عليه العراق مستقبله الاقتصادي والاجتماعي، يتطلب ذلك جهدًا مشتركًا طويل الأمد من جميع الأطراف المعنية، مع إرادة سياسية قوية لضمان استمرار الإصلاحات التعليمية وتحقيق الأهداف الوطنية والدولية.
التعليم الجيد، التنمية المستدامة، الهدف الرابع من أهداف التنمية المستدامة
ال عقلانية قرارات قادة المؤسسات الأمنية العراقية في ضوء استراتيجيات نظرية اللعبة
تحتاج القيادة الأمنية الى الإسراع في اتخاذ القرار المناسب الذي يتوافق مع التشريعات القانونية والاستراتيجيات الأمنية المناسبة التي من شانها ان تحقق أفضل النتائج تجاه مكافحة التنظيمات الإرهابية، ومنها ما افترضناه في بحثنا هذا من تطبيقات استراتيجيات نظرية اللعبة. ان التنظيمات الإرهابية والمتطرفة تتميز بانها تسير وفق أيديولوجيا دينية وسياسية ترفض التعددية السياسية و الدينية بل وتنتهج طرقا عنيفة في التعامل مع الافراد الامر الذي يضع المؤسسة الامنية العراقية امام تحدي دراسة وفهم استراتيجية تلك الجماعات التي قد تتحول الى العنف في أي لحظة، ولك من خلال دراسة أربع استراتيجيات رئيسية يتبعها الارهابيون ستتسبب بانتشار العنف والتخريب على نطاق واسع والى زعزعة الثقة بقدرة المؤسسة الأمنية على أداء واجباتها الأساسية لضبط الامن والنظام العام.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الإرهاب، الاستراتيجية، نظرية اللعبة، معضلة السجين، جهاز مكافحة الإرهاب
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تداخل الصلاحيات في النظام الفدرالي(دراسة مقارنة في النظام السياسي العراقي وفقاً لدستور 2005 النافذ)
شهد النظام السياسي في العراق سنة 2003 تحولا من النظام الدكتاتوري الى النظام الديمقراطي الفيدرالي الذي قسمت فيه الصلاحيات الدستورية بين السلطة المركزية و الإقليم و المحافظات الغير منتظمة بإقليم الى صلاحيات حصرية وصلاحيات مشتركة. إن مسألة توزيع الاختصاصات في الدولة الفيدرالية من اهم المشاكل التي تواجه الدولة الفيدرالية الناشئة بسبب سرعة كتابة دستور 2005 وغياب الخبرة الدستورية الكافية ولد مشاكل دستورية وقانونية بين المركز والإقليم بسبب الصلاحيات والاختصاصات المشتركة. من المشاكل الدستورية ازمة الاختلاف على إدارة الحقول النفطية والثروات المكتشفة حديثا, لان المشرع الدستوري لم يشير للجهة المختصة في إدارة الاستكشافات الحديثة. هذا التنازع والاختلاف لا نجده في الدستور الاماراتي لسنة 1971 المعدل الذي حدد بشكل واضح وصريح صلاحيات المجلس الأعلى للاتحاد وصلاحيات الإمارات.
الفيدرالية، دستور العراق 2005، توزيع الصلاحيات، الاقاليم، المحافظات غير المنتظمة بإقليم، اللامركزية الادارية
متغيرات النظام العالمي والحروب المستقبلية
The international environment in the twenty-first century has witnessed many developments and transformations that included all aspects of the global system, especially at the security level. The first of these transformations was represented by the change that occurred in some countries to become under the name (failed state), as some describe it, as those countries became influential in The international environment is an incubator for everything that threatens global security, including violent groups, arms and drug trafficking organizations, human trafficking, and the harboring of mercenaries. In addition, the global system has witnessed the emergence of (global terrorism), through which the world has witnessed a turbulent security environment that has redrawn the security strategies of the countries active in The international system, including the strategy of future wars, which reduced the costs of direct conflict between the conflicting poles adopted by the major powers, especially after the expansion of their scope and the increase in the frequency of these wars according to a set of variables imposed by the structure of the global system.
الحروب المستقبلية، متغيرات البيئة العالمية، الصراعات الدولية، توازن القوى، الحرب بالوكالة، الحروب التقنية.
ال التحليل الأكاديمي والإعلامي لملف أدراج الاهوار والمناطق الأثرية العراقية إلى لائحة التراث العالمي
The research topic is summarized in explaining the role played by the Iraqi state ministries and institutions in 2016 for the purpose of planning and promoting the inclusion of the Marshlands and Archaeological Areas Project on the World Heritage List, and the previous media and cultural promotion operations for the Iraqi Marshes and community mobilization operations in Baghdad and the southern governorates concerned with the Marshes file with the participation of community and international organizations, where the research problem was represented in trying to answer a main question which is (what is the role of public relations in promoting the project to include the Marshes and Archaeological Areas on the World Heritage List), and the aim of the study was to shed light on the technical efforts and media activities held by national committees and community and international organizations in promoting the national project and introducing Iraqi culture and knowing the nature of its communication content and the issues it promoted, in addition to knowing the communication means and methods used to communicate with internal and external audiences and the extent of their success in promoting the national project, and the study method was a "survey" method, and scientific interviews, observation and the focus group conducted by the researcher constituted the main tools for collecting information.
لائحة التراث العالمي؛ اهوار العراق؛ الاثار؛ التحليل الاكاديمي؛ التحليل الاعلامي
ال النظام السياسي في إيران.. المرشد الاعلى أنموذج
the Guardian Jurist, powers that exceed those of the legislative, executive, and judicial institutions combined. Their legitimacy is only realized with the approval of the Guardian Jurist, who holds the most prominent authority. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran is considered the highest authority and the most prominent figure in the state, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He enjoys several executive powers and acts as the "watchful eye over the implementation of religious rulings and the review of political decisions." He has the ability to resolve state affairs and set its general policies. The Supreme Leader also plays a significant role in deciding on crucial and foreign decisions that affect the national security of the state.
المرشد الاعلى، ولاية الفقيه، السلطة التشريعية، السلطة التنفيذية، السلطة القضائية، الاحزاب الايرانية.